Antenna Design · Full-Wave Simulation

2.4 GHz Patch Antenna

An inset-fed microstrip patch for the 2.4 GHz link, sized by hand from the transmission-line model and then handed to HFSS to check. The closed-form numbers and the full-wave solve landed within 0.02 mm of each other.

Tools

Ansys HFSS · Altium

Substrate

1.6 mm FR-4

Return loss

-21.4 dB at 2.4 GHz

The antenna model in HFSS: a rectangular copper patch and its feed line on a blue FR-4 substrate over a ground plane

The board in Altium: a 38 by 29.2 mm patch on a 60 by 60 mm ground plane, fed by a 3 mm line through a 9.4 mm inset — The board in Altium, dimensions read out of the PcbDoc

Altium Layer Stack Manager showing a two-layer board: 1 oz copper, a 62.992 mil FR-4 core at Dk 4.4, and solder mask on both sides — Layer stack, 1.6 mm of FR-4 pinned to Dk 4.4

Return loss at 2.4 GHz	-21.4 dB
Bandwidth	66 MHz at -10 dB · 69 MHz under VSWR 2:1
Peak directivity	6.55 dBi, broadside
Front-to-back ratio	14.5 dB on a 60 x 60 mm ground plane
Patch	38.0 x 29.4 mm · 9.4 mm inset · 3 mm feed
Substrate	1.6 mm FR-4, ε_r = 4.4, tanδ = 0.02

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